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Thermite is a mixture of metal powder, acting as fuel, and metal oxide, which acts as an oxidizer. It is often used in pyrotechnics. Once ignited, thermite undergoes a violent exothermic reaction, releasing much heat and light. Generally, thermite is not an explosive, however it can create brief bursts of high temperature in a small area.
The most common thermite mixture is composed of aluminum and iron (III) oxide, also known as rust. When ignited, this mixture undergoes the following transformation:
Fe2O3(solid) + 2Al(solid) Al2O3(solid) + 2Fe(liquid) + Heat + Light
This reaction is extremely exothermic; therefore, the released metallic iron occurs in liquid and sometimes even gaseous state, producing heavy clouds of metallic iron.
Thermite reactions are used for different practical purposes. Thermite operates by exposing a very small area to extremely high temperatures. Intense heat focused on a small spot can be used for cutting through metal or welding the metal components together both by melting metal from the components, and by injecting the molten iron occurred in the reaction. Thermite is often used to repair the steel sections, such as locomotive axle-frames, allowing to make welding without removal of components from the installed location.